Which radical political organization abolished the monarchy and declared France a republic in September 1792?

• A. Jacobins
• B. Girondins
• C. Directory
• D. Montagnards

Answer: (A)

The main idea here is recognizing which radical force drove France from a monarchy to a republic in September 1792. The Jacobin Club was the leading radical political organization pushing for republican government and sweeping changes. Their influence helped win the push in the National Convention to abolish the monarchy and proclaim the Republic on September 21–22, 1792. The Montagnards were a radical faction within the Convention aligned with the Jacobins, but the broader organization behind the move is the Jacobins. The Girondins were more moderate and later fell out with the Jacobins, while the Directory came later as the post-revolutionary government.